Which ethical oath promotes patient confidentiality and forbids deliberately harming a patient?

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Protecting patient confidentiality and avoiding harm are foundational duties in medical ethics. The Hippocratic Oath embodies these commitments, historically guiding physicians to keep patient information private and to practice in a way that does not harm the patient. The other options point to symbols or individuals associated with medicine and science, not to an ethical pledge. The Caduceus is a symbol of medicine, Galen was an influential ancient physician, and Louis Pasteur was a pivotal scientist; none of them is an oath that doctors take. Modern practice still carries these ethical ideas from the Hippocratic tradition, even as we adapt to emphasize autonomy and informed consent.