A person who lives in a particular place is a ______.

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The main idea is distinguishing someone who lives somewhere from those who visit temporarily. A person who lives in a place has a home there and considers that location their ordinary place of residence. That’s what “resident” communicates: ongoing habitation and establishment in a community. In contrast, a tourist visits for leisure and stays a short time, a traveler broadens or moves between places, and a visitor comes to someone else’s location for a temporary stay. So the term that best fits “a person who lives in a particular place” is resident.